Borneo Journal of Pharmascientech

Antibacterial Testing of Ethanol ExtractPengujian Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bunga Lilin (Pachystachys Lutea L.) Terhadap Bakteri of Candle Flower Leaves (Pachystachys lutea L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1055 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922

Endah Kartikawati — 2025-10-01

Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two pathogenic bacteria that often cause infections in humans. In efforts to combat various infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, the use of medicinal plants as alternative treatments is gaining increasing attention. One such plant is the Candle Flower (Pachystachys lutea L). This study was conducted to identify the antibacterial activity of Candle Flower leaf extract (Pachystachys lutea L) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the disk diffusion method. The results showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, forming clear zones at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, measuring 6.00, 6.93, 8.06, and 10.81 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli formed clear zones at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, measuring 8.10, 8.52, 9.72, and 12.35 mm, respectively. The ethanol extract of Candle Flower leaves (Pachystachys lutea L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1055, with the best concentration being 50%, forming a clear zone diameter of 10.56 mm, and against Escherichia coli, with the best concentration being 50%, forming a clear zone diameter of 12.35 mm. The clear zones formed fall into the criteria of strong inhibition zones.

Formulasi dan Uji In Vivo Krim Luka Bakar dari Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) pada Mencit (Mus musculus)

Yusnita Usman — 2025-09-17

The flavonoid content of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) supports its activity in healing burns. This research aims to make a cream formula from avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) and test the activity of this preparation in vivo using mice with 1x1 cm2 burn wounds. The cream formula is made with 4 different extract concentrations, namely F0 (cream base), F1 (1%), F2 (5%), and F3 (10%). Then, the physical characteristics of the preparation are evaluated, namely organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesive power and emulsion type. Next, an activity test was carried out using 12 mice which were divided into 4 groups treated according to the cream formula that had been made with observation for 14 days. The physical characteristics test results were analyzed based on the physical condition of the cream preparation according to the test category, while the activity test results were analyzed based on the percentage of wound healing area. The results showed that the formulation was an O/W type, semi-solid, with a greenish color, consistent with the extract concentration, and all physical parameters met the requirements. Activity testing demonstrated the highest burn wound healing percentage at F4, at 76%. Therefore, it was concluded that avocado leaf extract can be formulated into a cream with good in vivo activity for healing burns in mice.

Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Mahasiswa Terhadap Efek Penyembuhan Luka Dari Bubuk Kopi (Coffea sp.)

Rani Tiara Desty — 2025-09-17

Coffee grounds (Coffea sp.) is a traditional medicine that can be used to heal wounds. This coffee powder contains alkoloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins, phenols, caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Based on preliminary studies, there are still many students who do not know the benefits of coffee for healing wounds. The aim of this research is to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of students regarding the wound healing effects of coffee grounds (Coffea sp.). The type of research used is quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling method in this research uses probability sampling with disproportionate stratified random sampling technique as the sample determination technique. The subjects of this research were 147 midwifery students from the Surakarta Ministry of Health Polytechnic. The results of the research showed that students in the Diploma III Midwifery Study Program, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta, had a level of insufficient knowledge, namely 60.5%, sufficient attitude, namely 72.1%, and inadequate behavior, namely 81.6% regarding the effect of coffee on wound healing. It is hoped that there will be further research related to providing counseling on coffee for wound healing to midwifery students.

Hubungan Faktor Sosiodemografi terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Aplikasi CERDIK (Cerdas Swamedikasi) di Martapura Kalimantan Selatan

Karunita Astuti — 2025-09-17

Self-medication is a condition where patients buy drugs without doctor's prescription for common complaints such as fever, pain, dizziness, cough, influenza, ulcers, diarrhea and several skin diseases. Advances in digital technology have influenced various aspects of life including medical services, one of which is the CERDIK application. This study aims to determine respondent satisfaction in using the application and relationship with sociodemographics of the respondents. The method used is non-experimental descriptive on questionnaire in 84 respondents. The results show a very high level of satisfaction with this application. The respondents showed 83 sample (99%) felt very satisfied and only one sample felt quite satisfied with the CERDIK application. The average value of respondent satisfaction overall reached 95%. Furthermore, there is a relationship between sociodemographics including gender, ages, educations and professions with satisfaction using the CERDIK. This shows the application is very helpful for patients in obtaining information about self-medication drugs

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Herba Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.) Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Sistolik Diastolik Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Model Hipertensi

Bayu Putra — 2025-09-18

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and can lead to serious complications if not managed optimally. This study aims to evaluate the effects and optimal dose of ethanol extract of purslane herb (Portulaca oleracea L.) in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive male rats. The rats were divided into several groups: a negative control, a positive control (captopril), and three treatment groups receiving ethanol extract of purslane at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured throughout the study to assess the antihypertensive activity of the extract. The results showed that purslane extract at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight significantly lowered blood pressure, likely due to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and phenols. These compounds exhibit vasodilatory activity, ACE enzyme inhibition, and diuretic effects that contribute to blood pressure reduction in the hypertensive rat model. Ethanol extract of purslane herb (Portulaca oleracea L.) was found to have a significant effect in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats, with the optimal dose for significant blood pressure reduction being 300 mg/kg body weight

Potensi Tanaman Endemik Sulawesi Tengah Etlingera Tjiasmantoi Sebagai Kandidat Obat Antituberkulosis Baru: Studi In Silico Dan In Vitro

Zahwa Azzahra — 2025-09-18

Plants of the Zingiberaceae family have a lot of potential as medicinal raw materials, especially the Etlingera genus which has antimicrobial activity. It is suspected that secondary metabolite compounds in the Etlingera genus play an important role in antimicrobial activity by activating STAT that affects the production of cytokines and chemokines that are important in fighting Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, as is the case with the newly discovered Etlingera tjiasmantoi species as an endemic plant that is empirically used as an anticancer. This research was conducted to determine the potential of ethanol extract of Etlingera tjiasmantoi leaves as an antituberculosis in silico and in vitro. The research method went through two stages, namely in silico with the stages of network pharmacology test, molecular docking, and prediction of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) of compounds and in vitro to validate the results of in silico testing using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA) method. The results of in silico analysis showed that the Etlingera tjiasmantoi plant has a 2-Methyldecalin compound with a binding energy of -6.2 which is smaller than the isoniazid control ligand so that it has a strong bond with the JAK2 target protein and a good ADMET profile orally, in vitro tests showed that concentrations of 500 ppm and 750 ppm were able to fight Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria so that the ethanol extract of Etlingera tjiasmantoi leaves has the potential as a new antituberculosis drug candidate.

Uji Aktivitas Adaptogenik Ekstrak Etanol Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) pada Mencit Menggunakan Metode Swimming Endurance Test

Oktariani Pramiastuti — 2025-09-18

Adaptogenic activity is related to antioxidant activity that can neutralize the adverse effects of stress by reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the early phase. Psidium guajava has been known to have antioxidant activity, one of which is the highest Vitamin C content in guava fruit among other fruits, strengthening the suspicion that this fruit has adaptogenic activity. This study was conducted with the aim of testing the adaptogenic activity produced from guava fruit using the swimming endurance test (SET) method. Guava fruit extract was produced from the maceration process using 96% ethanol solvent. The SET test was conducted to determine the immobile time in 5 groups of mice that were given orally for 7 consecutive days. CMC-Na 0.5% as a negative control was given to group I, amitriptyline 25 mg/Kg BW as a positive control was given to group II, and extracts with doses of 50, 150 and 250 mg/Kg BW were given to groups III, IV and V, respectively. The results showed adaptogenic activity if the immobilization time of the group given guava fruit ethanol extract was lower than the negative control group. At doses of 50, 150, and 250 mg/Kg BW, the test findings demonstrated that guava fruit ethanol extract was able to shorten the period that mice were immobilized in comparison to the negative control group, indicating that guava fruit ethanol extract has adaptogenic activity. This activity cannot be separated from the role of several groups of compounds, and a few of them are regarded as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and vitamin C.

Hospital Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Indonesia

Yosi Febrianti — 2025-09-18

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use in Indonesia contributes significantly to increasing antibiotic resistance, which poses a serious threat to public health. Hospital pharmacists play a crucial role in antibiotic management, so their knowledge of antibiotic use and resistance is crucial to supporting infection control efforts and the rational use of antibiotics. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and perception of hospital pharmacists on antibiotic use and resistance. Material and Methods: The research design is cross-sectional and involves collecting data through a questionnaire. Data was then analyzed using the SPSS program's Chi-square test. Results: A total of 103 responses were received, 93 (90.3%) respondents had good knowledge and 83 (80.5%) had positive perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance. Conclusions: The study's results indicate that pharmacists' knowledge of antibiotic resistance does not correlate with their perception of this issue (p=0.416).

Potensi Antiinflamasi Ekstrak dan Fraksi n-Heksana Daun Galam (Melaleuca cajuputi) Asal Kalimantan Selatan

Sutomo Sutomo — 2025-10-15

South Kalimantan has a unique topography that includes tidal areas and swamps, and peatlands. One of the natural resources that grows well in this area is the galam tree (Melaleuca cajuputi). Traditionally, this plant has been used to treat various inflammatory conditions, such as intestinal inflammation, sore throat, itchy skin, and rheumatism. M. cajuputi contains flavonoid compounds that are believed to have anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracts and n-hexane fractions of M. cajuputi leaves from South Kalimantan using a protein denaturation inhibition method with IC₅₀ values as the parameter. Sodium diclofenac was used as the positive control in this study. The results of the anti-inflammatory activity test showed that the IC₅₀ values for sodium diclofenac, ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction of M. cajuputi leaves were 14.948; 51.577; and 61.700 ppm, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the IC₅₀ value of sodium diclofenac and those of the ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction. Based on the study conducted, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction have anti-inflammatory activity, although their potency is lower than that of sodium diclofenac

Karakteristik dan Uji Aktivitas Antiosidan Ekstrak Kolagen Sisik Ikan Gabus (Channa sp.)

Nily Su'aida — 2025-10-12

This study aims to isolate collagen from the scales of snakehead fish (Channa sp.) and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracted collagen. Collagen was isolated using a 0.5 M acetic acid method, involving dissolution and purification procedures. The collagen extract was characterized using FTIR analysis to detect functional groups and phytochemical tests to identify active compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method to measure free radical scavenging potential. The results indicated that the collagen extract from snakehead fish scales contains bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant activity. The IC₅₀ values demonstrated a strong ability to neutralize free radicals, showing higher potency than the control. FTIR analysis detected hydroxyl (3330.21 cm⁻¹), methyl (2111.83 cm⁻¹), and carbonyl (1635.85 cm⁻¹) groups as characteristic phytochemical components of Channa sp. collagen extract. The IC₅₀ values at different concentrations were classified as very strong at low concentrations (25%), strong at moderate concentrations (50%), and moderate at higher concentrations (75%). The antioxidant activity of snakehead fish scale extract was very strong at lower concentrations but decreased as the concentration increased

Preclinical Study of n-Hexane Extract of Kapul Fruit (Baccaurea macrocarpa) as an Anti-Inflammatory

Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki — 2025-10-12

Plants of the genus Baccaurea have long been traditionally used in folk medicine. Previous studies reported that the n-hexane extract of kapul fruit (Baccaurea macrocarpa) exhibited extreme antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 33.11 ppm. However, its potential anti-inflammatory activity has not been extensively investigated. The results demonstrated that all three doses of the n-hexane extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, as indicated by a reduction in edema volume. Among the tested doses, 600 mg/kg BW was the most effective ini decreasing edema volume. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed a significance value of 0.000, confirming a significant difference among the five treatment groups. Furthermore, post hoc analysis indicated that dose III did not differ significantly from the positive control but showed a significant difference compared to the negative control. Conversely, doses I and II exhibited significant differences when compared to both the positive and negative controls. These findings suggest that the n-hexane extract of B. macrocarpa fruit possesses anti-inflammatory activity, with the 600 mg/kg BW dose demonstrating the most potent effect, comparable to that of diclofenac sodium

COST UTILITY ANALYSIS PENGOBATAN HEMODIALISIS PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DI RUMAH SAKIT PEMERINTAH DAN SWASTA DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Mochammad Maulidie Alfiannor Saputera — 2025-10-21

Health care costs have continued to increase over time in patient treatment. Cost-utility analysis, a branch of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, assesses patient utility in relation to incurred costs. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is among the most prevalent diseases in South Kalimantan; therefore, this study aimed to analyze the cost-utility of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. This research employed a cross-sectional design conducted in two hospitals as comparison sites, with a total of 43 participants (16 from a private hospital and 27 from a public hospital). Data were collected prospectively using the validated and reliable EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess patient health status, along with observation sheets for cost data. The results showed that the Cost Utility Ratio (CUR) in the private hospital was Rp 78,928.88, while in the public hospital it was Rp 159,868.76, yielding an Incremental Cost Utility Ratio (ICUR) of Rp 8,626.80 per QALY. In conclusion, the private hospital demonstrated better cost-utility compared to the public hospital in providing hemodialysis treatment for CKD patients, as indicated by the ICUR value.

Efektivitas Enkapsulasi Nano Kitosan Serai Dapur dalam Meningkatkan Depolarisasi Mitokondria pada Sel Kanker HSC-3

Komariah Komariah — 2025-10-31

Oral cancer ranks 12th among the most common types of cancer worldwide, with a prevalence of approximately 25%-40% occurring on the lateral borders and the underside of the tongue. Conventional therapies often cause side effects that damage normal cells, prompting the use of safer natural alternatives, such as Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). The active compounds in lemongrass leaves can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger apoptosis through the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). To improve the stability of these active compounds, they are encapsulated with chitosan, which is modified into nanoparticles to enhance diffusion through cell membranes, thereby increasing their effectiveness as anticancer agents. This study involved nine groups, including a negative control, a positive control (doxorubicin), nano chitosan, lemongrass extract, and five treatment groups with various encapsulation concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%). The results showed that nano chitosan encapsulation of lemongrass extract significantly increased MMP depolarization compared to the control. The depolarization effect increased with higher encapsulation concentrations, with the lowest red fluorescence intensity observed at the 100% concentration, indicating the highest level of depolarization in HSC-3 cells.

Persepsi Preseptor Klinik Dan Komunitas Mengenai Peran Sebagai Pendidik Dalam Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker

Herningtyas Nautika Lingga — 2025-10-16

Preceptors are essential in guiding and being role models for students' knowledge, skills, and practices in implementing pharmacy internship program (PKPA) based on experiential learning. Guidance takes place in a clinical environment in a healthcare system that allows students to experience health services, interact with professional teams, and interact directly with the community. This study analyzes preceptors' perceptions regarding their role as educators in implementing PKPA. This study is a descriptive survey with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire as an instrument. The study subjects were pharmacists who acted as preceptors in implementing PKPA with a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results showed that of the 31 preceptors involved, the majority were female (74.19%), with an age range of 36-45 years (58.07%), and the place of practice was in a health center (58.07%). Preceptors' perceptions regarding the implementation of PKPA are generally positive. Aspects rated high with a score of more than 4 are the aspects of recognition/award, teamwork, communication, preparation, evaluation, appreciation, and the impact of student attendance. Meanwhile, the lowest ratings are in workload (3.75 ± 0.84) and facilities and infrastructure (3.86 ± 0.72). Preceptors provide positive perceptions about their role as educators in implementing the pharmacy internship program.

Characteristics of Drug-Resistant TB Patients in South Kalimantan: An Ecological Study of Readiness for Implementation of the BPaL/M Regimen

Dita Ayulia Dwi Sandi — 2025-10-09

This study aims to describe the prevalence and analyze risk factors associated with the incidence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB), as well as to analyze the readiness of the implementation of the BPaL/M regimen in South Kalimantan based on patient characteristics. This study used an observational-analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from the South Kalimantan Provincial Tuberculosis Information System in 2022-2023. The study sample consisted of 151 patients with DR-TB. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. The incidence of DR-TB in South Kalimantan in 2023 was 0.95%, with the highest incidence coming from Banjarmasin City, namely 37.36%. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in South Kalimantan was most common in the elderly (>45 years) (54.30%), men (62.91%), unemployed (56.29%), and non-pregnant (98.68%). Most drug-resistant TB patients were individuals who had undergone previous treatment (63.58%), did not have comorbid DM (75.50%) and were HIV negative (98.68%). A total of 76.16% received a short-term therapy regimen and 94.70% of RO-TB patients in 2022-2023 met the criteria for receiving BPaL/M regimen therapy. The conclusion of this study is that the factors that influence the incidence of RO-TB in South Kalimantan are occupation (p 0.016), history of previous TB treatment (p 0.000) and HIV status (p 0.000), the BPaL/M regimen with a shorter duration (6 months) can be implemented in RO-TB patients in South Kalimantan by continuously improving monitoring to achieve and reduce side effects of drug events.